Novel Non-Invasive Quantification and Imaging of Eumelanin and DHICA Subunit in Skin Lesions by Raman Spectroscopy and MCR Algorithm: Improving Dysplastic Nevi Diagnosis.

Malignant melanoma (MM) is the most aggressive form of skin cancer, and around 30% of them may develop from pre-existing dysplastic nevi (DN). Diagnosis of DN is a relevant clinical challenge, as these are intermediate lesions between benign and malignant tumors, and, up to date, few studies have focused on their diagnosis. In this study, the accuracy of Raman spectroscopy (RS) is assessed, together with multivariate analysis (MA), to classify 44 biopsies of MM, DN and compound nevus (CN) tumors. For this, we implement a novel methodology to non-invasively quantify and localize the eumelanin pigment, considered as a tumoral biomarker, by means of RS imaging coupled with the Multivariate Curve Resolution-Alternative Least Squares (MCR-ALS) algorithm. This represents a step forward with respect to the currently established technique for melanin analysis, High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), which is invasive and cannot provide information about the spatial distribution of molecules. For the first time, we show that the 5, 6-dihydroxyindole (DHI) to 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid (DHICA) ratio is higher in DN than in MM and CN lesions. These differences in chemical composition are used by the Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) algorithm to identify DN lesions in an efficient, non-invasive, fast, objective and cost-effective method, with sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 94.1%, respectively.

Cutaneous and Ganglion Sarcoidosis Induced by Polycaprolactone Facial Filler: A New Expression of ASIA Syndrome?

Dermal fillers are applied using a minimally invasive technique with a good safety profile. However, they can have side effects. We present the case of a patient who, 2 months after undergoing polycaprolactone (Ellansé®) injections, developed nodular facial and nodal lesions that were compatible with sarcoidosis on histology. This complication has not been previously described for polycaprolactone and could be the expression of an autoimmune syndrome induced by adjuvants. LEARNING POINTS: Autoimmune/autoinflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (ASIA) is a recently devised umbrella term for autoimmune diseases caused by adjuvants.Aesthetic procedures, which are increasingly common, may be a cause of ASIA syndrome.Polycaprolactone is a bioabsorbable polymer with a safe profile but can have adverse events, including systemic sarcoidosis.

Expression Pattern of Aquaporin 1 and Aquaporin 3 in Melanocytic and Nonmelanocytic Skin Tumors.

OBJECTIVES: Study of aquaporin 1 (AQP1) and aquaporin 3 (AQP3) expression to understand its potential role in the pathophysiology of skin cancer. METHODS: Analysis of AQP1 and AQP3 expression by immunohistochemistry of 72 skin biopsy specimens from melanocytic skin tumors, nonmelanocytic tumors, or healthy samples. RESULTS: AQP1 showed strong labeling in 100% of benign common melanocytic nevi. Small blood vessels, stroma, and melanophages surrounding different types of melanomas tumors also were positive. Tumoral melanocytes in atypical nevi and melanomas were negative for AQP1. AQP3 showed strong labeling in 100% of melanocytic nevi, 100% of atypical melanocytic nevi, and 100% of melanomas. In all basal cell carcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas, staining for AQP3 was positive. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this work represents the first demonstration of AQP1/AQP3 expression in human melanocytic skin tumors. More studies are needed to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms of expression of both AQPs in melanocytic tumors and their potential as molecular therapeutic targets.

Nódulo eritematoso en un niño / Erythematous nodule in a child

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Fiebre y lesiones ulceronecróticas en un varón de 38 años / Fever and ulcerative-necrotic lesions in a 38 years old male

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Sarcoidosis cutánea cicatricial en lugares de punción venosa y subcutánea / Cutaneus Scar sarcoidosis on venous and subcutaneous puncture areas

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Crioglobulinemia tipo I / Type I cryoglobulinemia

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"Sky Full of Stars" Pattern: Dermoscopic Findings in a Desmoplastic Giant Congenital Melanocytic Nevus.

Desmoplastic giant congenital melanocytic nevus (DGCN) is an uncommon variant of congenital nevus, presenting as a progressive induration and hypopigmentation of the lesion that occasionally causes hair loss and even total or partial disappearance of the nevus. A 6-month-old girl with a giant congenital melanocytic nevus that involved the entire posterior side of the right thigh was seen in our department. Nine months later, the peripheral area of the nevus presented as a marked induration with hypopigmentation. Dermoscopy demonstrated a reticular pattern exclusively located in the perifollicular areas, with a radial distribution from the follicular ostium that mimicked a "sky full of stars." We report a case of DGCN, including a dermoscopic description of the findings noted in the indurated and hypopigmented areas that appear as a "sky full of stars" image.

Immunolocalization of substance P and NK-1 receptor in vascular anomalies.

The peptide substance P (SP) shows a widespread distribution in both the central and peripheral nervous systems, but it is also ubiquitous in the human body. After binding to the neurokinin-1 (NK-1) receptor, SP regulates tumoral angiogenesis and proliferation. Thus, knowledge of this system is the key for a better understanding and, hence, a better management of many human diseases, including vascular anomalies (VA). This study aims to examine the expression and localization of both SP and the NK-1 receptor in different vascular anomalies using an immunohistochemical technique. Our results demonstrated predominantly nuclear localization of SP in venous malformations and in one haemangioma sample, in contrast with cytoplasmic expression in capillary malformations and rapidly involuting congenital hemangioma (RICH). NK-1 receptor showed a cytoplasmic localization in all VA. In summary, all these findings demonstrate that SP and NK-1 receptor are expressed in VA, with different expression patterns depending on the nature of the anomaly, suggesting that they could play an important role in the pathogenesis of VA.

Linfomas B cutáneos primarios: estudio de 22 casos / Primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas: study of 22 cases

Introducción y objetivos: El linfoma B cutáneo primario (LBCP) es una neoplasia de muy baja prevalencia y supone un 25% de todos los linfomas cutáneos. Nuestro objetivo era conocer las características epidemiológicas, clínicas e histológicas de los LBCP de nuestra área sanitaria. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo con datos de los pacientes con diagnóstico anatomopatológico de LBCP seguidos entre los años 2004 y 2015 en el Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío. Resultados: Se incluyeron 22 casos de pacientes con LBCP. El 65% eran varones frente a un 35% de mujeres. El linfoma centrofolicular supuso el subtipo más frecuente (41%). Tres casos desarrollaron afectación ganglionar y uno, invasión de la médula ósea. Durante el seguimiento se observaron 5 recidivas y un paciente falleció a causa de su LBCP. Discusión y conclusiones: Aportamos una de las primeras series de pacientes con LBCP descritas en población española. La incidencia detectada en nuestra área es similar a las de otras poblaciones descritas en la literatura. Respecto al sexo, la edad, la distribución por subtipos y la presentación clínica e inmunohistoquímica, también se obtuvieron datos similares a los de otras series (AU)

Introduction and objectives: Primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma (CBCL) is a very low prevalence neoplasm and constitutes 25% of all primary cutaneous lymphomas. Our objective was to discover the epidemiological, clinic and histologic characteristics of CBCL in our area. Methods: Retrospective descriptive study with patients with histologic diagnosis of CBCL followed up in our department between 2004 and 2015. Results: Twenty-two patients with CBCL were included; 65% were men and 35% were women. Follicle centre lymphoma was the most common subtype (41%). Only 3 cases presented with node involvement and one with bone marrow invasion. Five recurrences were detected and one patient died because of the CBCL. Discussion and conclusions: This is one of the first CBCL series in theSpanish population. The incidence, sex, age, subtype distribution, clinical features and immunohistochemical patterns are very similar to those of the other series (AU)

[Primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas: study of 22 cases]. / Linfomas B cutáneos primarios: estudio de 22 casos.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma (CBCL) is a very low prevalence neoplasm and constitutes 25% of all primary cutaneous lymphomas. Our objective was to discover the epidemiological, clinic and histologic characteristics of CBCL in our area. METHODS: Retrospective descriptive study with patients with histologic diagnosis of CBCL followed up in our department between 2004 and 2015. RESULTS: Twenty-two patients with CBCL were included; 65% were men and 35% were women. Follicle centre lymphoma was the most common subtype (41%). Only 3 cases presented with node involvement and one with bone marrow invasion. Five recurrences were detected and one patient died because of the CBCL. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: This is one of the first CBCL series in theSpanish population. The incidence, sex, age, subtype distribution, clinical features and immunohistochemical patterns are very similar to those of the other series.